SOIL and CLIMATE, PRODUCE and MANUFACTURES. - The northern part, called 'the Moorlands' is hilly, much resembling the adjacent districts of Derbyshire; and is a bleak, and dreary tract - the soil thin, and yielding but a scanty pasture. The valley along the Trent is mostly very fertile, adorned with seats and plantations, and affords a variety of beautiful prospects. The middle and southern parts of this county are generally level, and have a depth of rich loamy soil. The great forest of Cannock, near the centre, once covered with oaks, has been dismantled of its wood to a considerable extent, and part of it is now intersected by roads and neat villages: at the southern extremity the Clent Hills, and Hagley and its neighbourhood, are well known for the romantic beauties they possess. The CLIMATE of Staffordshire is considered not unhealthy, though inclining to wet, especially in the northern part - probably arising from a ridge of mountainous land, lying to the west, which attracts the clouds in their passage. The air is sharp, and more severely cold than in many other counties. The AGRICULTURE and FARMING STOCK of Staffordshire have, within the last half century, undergone material improvement; whilst, on the rich lands bordering on the Trent, the dairy has become a source of considerable profit, and much good cheese and butter are made in that district. Although agricultural produce is a valuable auxiliary, yet the subterranean riches of the county are of still higher importance to its welfare, as being the grand materiel employed in its principal manufactures. Coal is abundant in many parts; while the Moorlands contain beneath, besides coal, a store of mineral wealth, yielding lead, copper, iron, marble, alabaster, mill-stone, and salt: fullers' earth is also found in Staffordshire - pipe-clay, and red and yellow ochres, in various parts; besides a blue clay, of great tenacity, and fire-proof, suited for the composition of pots for glass houses; and potters' clay, for more common purposes, in different districts, particularly Newcastle-under-Lyme. Limestone and iron ore are common in several places; copper and lead ore, varying greatly in purity and worth, occasionally also appear. Quarries of marble, in differing colour, strength and beauty, and various other kinds of stone of great value and utility, are plenteous.

The MANUFACTURES of this county are various - but that for which it has long been celebrated is its POTTERY. The opulent and interesting district designated 'The Potteries' extends about ten miles in length and one mile and a half in breadth, locally in the northern division of the hundred of Pirehill; in a part abounding with coal, and clays of great variety - which, with the great canal intercourse existing with every part of the kingdom, combine to render it the most eligible seat for these ingenious manufactures; giving employment to perhaps twenty thousand people in the county; and the operations of digging and collecting the clay, flint, terra parcellana, &c., in Kent, Sussex, Hampshire, Dorsetshire, Devonshire and Cornwall, and conveying them to the adjacent ports, are supposed to employ nearly forty thousand more, besides upwards of sixty thousand tons of shipping. Here are likewise iron works; and, in the southern extremity of the county, Walsall, Wolverhampton, Wednesbury, Darlaston, Bilston &c., &c., participate with Birmingham in the manufacture of different descriptions of hardware. Many thousand people are employed in the manufacture of nails, especially in the parishes of Sedgley, Rowley, West Bromwich, Smethwick, Tipton, Walsall, &c. - women and children are employed in the making of the lighter sorts. The town of Stafford has long been famed for its manufacture of shoes, which employs a great number of hands. At Newcastle and Rugeley hats are manufactured, and at Leek various articles in the silk trade. At Tutbury, Rocester and Fazeley are cotton-spinning factories; and at Tipton and West Bromwich are inexhaustible coal mines and iron works, with blast furnaces of prodigious power.

BURSLEM is a market town and parish, three miles north east from Newcastle and two from Hanley. This place appears, from the most authentic records, to have been distinguished, at an early period, for the excellence and variety of clay with which its vicinity abounds; and to have been noted for its manufactory of pottery and earthenware - for which, in the 17th century, it became the principal station in this kingdom. It was here that the first clod of that great undertaking, the Trent and Mersey canal, was cut by the spirited Josiah Wedgewood, Esq.; and when the fifteenth anniversary was celebrated by a public dinner, various ancient specimens of earthenware were exhibited, descriptive of the progressive state of the manufacture. The town is pleasantly situate on a rising ground, and contains many admirably arranged manufactories, numerous dwellings for the workmen employed therein, many good houses for the superintendents of the works, and some handsome edifices for the proprietors: it is lighted with gas, under the provisions of an act of parliament, which also dictates its police and municipal government - the later being vested in a chief constable, chosen annually by the police commissioners. The market house, or town hall, is a neat modern structure of brick, situated nearly in the centre of the town: one part of this building is appropriated to the uses of a police office; and a large and elegant news room, well supplied with the London daily and provincial papers, occupies another portion of the edifice. Adjacent to the town hall, and of more recent erection, is a handsome covered market, ornamented with a neat portico. Burslem was formerly a chapelry in the parish of Stoke, but was constituted a separate parish by act of parliament in 1807. The old church is a brick erection, with a stone tower of greater antiquity than the body; the living is a rectory. Another church has been erected, partly at the expense of the church commissioners. There are places of worship in the parish for Baptists, independents, the primitive, Wesleyan, and new connexion of methodists, and the Roman Catholics - all of which have Sunday schools attached. There are, besides, a national school, and anfree grammar school for a limited number of boys. The markets are held on Monday and Saturday.

Within the township, and about half a mile from the market-place of Burslem, is the pleasant hamlet of BROWNHILLS, situate on the road leading to Manchester through the Potteries. It is chiefly to be noticed for the various strata of clay, of excellent quality, obtained here in great abundance, and principally employed in the manufacture of tiles, for which there are some extensive works. There are several good houses in the village, but no building, public or otherwise, meriting particular notice. The population is returned with Burslem.

WARRINGTON is an ancient market town, parish and parliamentary borough, in the hundred of West Derby - 187 miles from London, 20 north east from the city of Chester; eligibly situated on the north bank of the Mersey (which river separates the counties of Chester and Lancashire), and on the high road between the important towns of Liverpool and Manchester, equi-distant from each. Its name is ascribed to both Roman and Saxon origin: history attests that the latter people had a fort here, and hence its appellation is said to arise - Waering implying 'a fortification', and tun 'a town'. That it previously was a Roman station is rendered much more probable, not only by its commanding position on the Mersey, but by the discovery, at different periods, of various relics peculiar to that nation.

The town is included in the jurisdiction of the county magistrates, who hold a petty sessions for the division on the first and third Wednesdays in every month; a court leet of the lord of the manor is held annually in October, when constables and other officers are appointed. The town hall or sessions house, the market hall, two cloth halls, a theatre, assembly rooms, and the bridewell, are the principal public structures. The streets are well lighted by an incorporated gas company, whose extensive premises are situate in Mersey Street. Warrington, under the provisions of the Reform Bill, returns one representative to the legislature. The manufactures of this town were formerly chiefly limited to coarse linens, checks, huckabacks, &c.; they are now, however, both various and extensive, the finer fabrics predominate, such as muslins, calicoes, velveteens &c.; while the spinning of cotton employs vast steam power and a proportionate number of hands. There are also tanneries, glass works, pin making, and the manufacture of mechanics' tools - files, of a superior and highly prized temper, are to be particularized amongst the latter. When considered in a relative point of view with its extensive manufactures, the navigable advantages possessed by Warrington are of paramount consequence: the communication between Manchester and Liverpool, by means of the Mersey and Irwell rivers, is unremitting; at spring tides the former river rises, at the bridge, ten, and sometimes fifteen feet, when vessels of from seventy to one hundred tons burthen can attain this point. The Newton and Warrington railway joins the Liverpool and Manchester line, and enables this town to participate in the advantages resulting from this important mode of conveyance.

Tradition states that the parish church of Warrington was erected anterior to the conquest: it was originally dedicated to St. Elfin; but, with the alterations and reconstruction that took place at different subsequent periods, this designation became obsolete, and the present church of St. Helen occupies the site of the ancient St. Elfin's.

The public seminaries for instruction are numerous: 'Boteler's free school', founded in 1526, and munificiently endowed, affords a respectable salary to the masters and ushers, and not less than thirty boys receive the benefits of a grammatical education; the number of children instructed in the different Sunday schools may be computed at three thousand; and there are various other schools, diffusing elementary education extensively, which have been established and are supported by public benevolence. There are likewise many charitable societies and religious institutions, libraries, a mechanic's institute, &c. &c. Several works of highly appreciated merit have issued from the press of Warrington, and some individuals of distinctioned attainments have resided here. The weekly market days are Wednesday and Saturday, and there is a cattle market every alternative Wednesday.

The chapelry of LATCHFORD, separated from Warrington by the river Mersey, is in the parish of Grappenhall, county of Chester; its commodious and handsome church is dedicated to Saint James.