Chronology and relevant information

1188 Blanche of Castile, later Queen of France born (she was a troubadour) governed France during minorship of Louis IX and during his absence (Seventh Crusade)

1198 Innocent III, founder of Papal States elected pope. Organizer of disasterous 4^th crusade

1199 birth (in dispute) of Acharya Madhwa

1200 Growth of lay education, including schooling in local languages

1204 4^th Crusade

          John I of England looses Normandy and surrounding area to King Philip Augustus of France

          St. Francis of Assisi b 1181 d 1226

Parzifal written by Eschenback,



Tristan written by Strassburg

1211 first Franciscan sanctuary, forming Franciscan Order

    Founding of Poor Clares, order of nuns following Franciscan precepts

1212 Spain reconquers the Iberian peninsula

          Francis tried to travel to Syria

1214 Francis tried to travel to Morocco, illness while in Spain

        Roger Bacon advance scientific reasoning by concrete observation

1215 Fourth Lateran Council, recognizing Eucharist and Penance as sacraments, and power of Papacy over Kings. Organized disastrous 5^th crusade

         Magna Carta

1216 Dominican Order founded by St. Dominic of Spain

1222 Hungarian King András, Golden Bull (hungarian magna carta) Diet: hungarian parliament

1223 First first crèche, or praesepio, setup by St. Francis.

        Louis VIII, son of Philip Augustus, rules for three years and conquers most of southern France. Fails in efforts to take Bretonny

1224 Francis received the stigmata

1225 St. Thomas Aquinas born

1226, Francis finished Canticle of the Sun and dies

        Louis IX, son of Louis VIII, becomes King of France, reigning over period of relative internal peace. Later canonized for piety (Queen is Margaret)

1228 Frederick II leader of 6^th crusade, negotiates for control of Jerusalem, succeeds, becomes King of Jerusalem, is excommunicated for dealings with the infidel.

1237 Mongols invade Russia

1240 Mongols enter Kiev and create a new state on the Volga.

1241 Mongols invade Hungary (King Belé IV)

1242 Bonaventura (later saint) enters Franciscan order, becomes 7^th general of order

        Margaret, daughter of King Bela IV and Queen Mary Lascaris of Hungary born. She is dedicated to God's services should Hungary survive Mongols. First is housed at Dominican convent at Veszprem, at the age of three, then later on an island in the Danube near Buda in a convent built by her father.

1244 Thomas arrives in Cologne,

1245 Thomas Sent to Paris, Albertus Magnus assigned as teacher

1248 Thomas returned to Cologne

1249 Capture of Damietta by 7^th Crusade under Louis IX.

1250 Thomas ordained

        The prose Tristan is completed

        Crusade ordered against Frederick II, who attempts to take control over central Italy, Frederick dies.

1252 Queen Blanche dies

1252 Papacy approves use of torture for religious disobedience

1257 Thomas became a Doctor of Theology (same day as St. Bonaventure)

1261 Byzantine Empire returns to Constantinople

1265 Dante Alighieri is born

1267 Florentine Giotto, famous naturalist painter begins modern tradition in painting

1268 Charles of Anjou defeats heirs of Frederick II, gains Sicily

1270 St. Margaret of Hungary, daughter of King Bela IV, dead at 28

1272 Edward I of England, Henry III’s son, establishes Parliament as a Feudal court for the King

1274 St. Thomas Aquinas dies